åœéå¹³åããŒã®ã·ã³ããžãŠã ã®åºèª¿è¬æŒã§ãäžçé£éŠæåæè²æšé²åè°äŒçäºé·ã»æ¥æ¬å®æé£ççäºé·ã®å®éå²çæ°ããç¥éæ¶æ¡æã§ã¯ãå¯å£«å±±ãæ ¹æ¬éå ŽãšããŠããããå¯å£«å±±ã«ç»ãŒãã«ã¯äºã€ã®å±±éããããšèª¬æããããããªãã¡ã山梚çã«ããåå£åç°éãšè¹æŽ¥éãé岡çã®æ±å£é èµ°éãå¯å£«å®®æå±±éãåŸ¡æ®¿å Žéã§ãããããããèªåãã¡ã®éãäžçªãšèªããæã£ãŠãããããã®è¡ãçãå ã¯1ç®æã§ãããéã¯éãã©ãç®çã¯ãã äžã€ã§ãããšèª¬æãããããããã®æãã¯éãã©ãããã®å°çã®çããšãçããè ã®å¹žããé¡ãç¥ãäºã¯åäžã§ãããšèª¬ãããåºèª¿è¬æŒã®å šæã¯äžèšãåç §ããŠäžããã
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
å®éå²çã
äžçé£éŠæåæè²æšé²åè°äŒçäºé·ã»æ¥æ¬å®æé£ççäºé·
çºèšã®äž»æš
1549幎ããªã¹ãæããã¯ãããŠæ¥æ¬ã«äŒããèãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³ã»ã¶ããšã«ãããã®æ€åŠãèã€ã°ãããªæäŒã«ãããŠç§ãã¡ã¯å¿ãäžã€ã«ãäžçã®æä¹ å¹³åãç¥ãã¹ãéãŸããŸãããç§ãã¡ã®åãªãç¥ããç¥ä»ã«å±ããŸãããåªç®¡ã«ç¥ããæ§ããŸãã
åªä»ã玹ä»ã«ãããããŸããç§ã¯å ¬ç財å£æ³äººæ¥æ¬å®æé£çã®çäºãå€ããŠããŸãå®éå²çã§ããæ¥æ¬å®æé£çã¯å®ææåã®æ¯èãéããŠå¿è±ããªç€ŸäŒã®åœ¢æããããããã«ã¯äžçå¹³åãžè²¢ç®ããããšãç®çãšããŠçµæããã財å£ã§ããããã«ãæ掟ç¥éé£åäŒãå šæ¥æ¬ä»æäŒãæ¥æ¬ããªã¹ãæé£åäŒãç¥ç€Ÿæ¬åºãæ°æ¥æ¬å®æå£äœé£åäŒã§æ§æãããŠããŸãã
ç§èªèº«ã®ä¿¡ä»°ã¯ç¥éæ¶æ¡æãšããæ掟ç¥éã§ããæ掟ç¥éã¯ææ²»æ代ã«ãä¿¡ä»°ç¥éããšããŠç¢ºç«ãããæ°è¡ç¥éã§ãããŸããææ²»åžã®å€§æ宣åžã®è©ã®å€§åŸ¡å¿ãä»°ãæç¥ã®å€§éã宣æãã¹ãå è£ã«ããç«æãèš±ãããæå£ã§ããäžæ¡æåã«åãæå°ããããŸããããšããããã®ç¬¬äºæ¡ã«èšãããã倩ç人éãæããã«ãã¹ãäºãã¯ã倩å°é åã®ç¥çãšäººéã®è¡ãã¹ãæ¬éãææã«ããäºã§ãã倩çãå¹³ãã«ç³ãã°å®å®ã®äžäºäžç©ã¯èª¿åãæã£ãŠååšãå ¶ããèªç¶ãšç³ããŸããããã«èªç¶ã«äºãã®ã¯ç¡çã ãšèšãããšã§ãããããŠäººéãšã¯ç¶æ¯å é·ã«åè¡ãå°œãããå劻åŒå¹Œãæè²æ«åããæåçžäºã«ä¿¡å®ã節ããããããªãã¡ãã¿ããªä»²è¯ããã§ãããŸããå®å®ã®èªç¶ã«æ±ããã人éãšãããããçåœäœã¯å¯ææŽéšã®äžãäºãã«æããããå©ãåãããšã§ãã
æ®å¿µãªããã人é¡ã®æŽå²ãçŽè§£ãã«ç®ç«ã€ãã®ã¯ãæ°ã ã®æŠäºã®æŽå²ã§ããåå ã¯äººã®é£œããªã欲æã§ãããŸãããå¯ãç¬ãå ããããïŒããšèšãããšã«å°œããŸããåœåãã蟲äœç©ãããšãã«ã®ãŒè³æºããç¬ãå ããã«ãããã®ã§ããããçŸå¹Žã®æŠäºã¯å šãŠãšãã«ã®ãŒè³æºã®ç¬ãå ããçºç«¯ã§ãããŸããããããããããã®çŸå¹Žã¯ã©ãã§ããããïŒ
ç§ãã¡ã¯ä»ãåçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒãžã®è»¢æã«åãã£ãŠããŸããæãåœæ¥æ¬ã¯ä»ãæå 端ã®æè¡éçºã«éé²ããŠããŸããããšãã°å€ªéœå çºé»çšããã«ã¯èååã2030幎ãç®åŠã«éçºãé²ããããŠãããç¹ã«ãã®ããããã¹ã«ã€ã倪éœé»æ± ã¯åæããåœç£ã§ã®äŸçµŠãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãããŸããè»é¡(ãããã)ãã€ãªãã¹çæã®éçºãå®èšŒæ®µéã«é²ãã§ããŸããè»é¡ããåæ²¹ãæœåºããã®ã§ãã
倪éœã颚ãæ³¢ãå°ç±ããããã¯å°çäžã©ãã«ã§ãååšããŸãããããç¬ãå ãã¯äžå¯èœã§ããã§ããã°ãæŠäºã®äžå€§åå ã¯ç¡ããªããšèšãããšã§ããããã
ããã«ãä»ãŸãã«ç§ãã¡ã®æŠå¿µã®å€å®¹ãå§ãŸãã€ã€æããŸããäžå€®éæš©åã§ãã£ãå¯ã®æŠå¿µã¯ããããã¯ãã§ãŒã³ã®æ®åã«ããè¿ãå°æ¥ãåæ£åã«å€åããã§ããããããé ããªãå°æ¥ãããããåœããåã®ã€ã³ãã©ãšããŠæµžéããäžçã§ã¯éæã§å¹ççãäžæ£ã®ãªãå ¬å¹³ãªç€ŸäŒã蚪ãããšäºèšããŸãããã åå è åã 人ãããŒã¿ãåæ£ä¿æãããä»çµã¿ã§ãããããå人ã®èªç«ãæ±ãããã瀟äŒãšãªãã§ãããããããããšãã«å人ã粟ç¥çã«å€ç«ããªãããã«ããä¿¡ä»°ãæåãç¿ä¿ãèžè¡ã§ã®çµã³åãã¯å¿ é ãšãªãã§ãããããã®æãããç§ãã¡ä¿¡ä»°è ã¯äºãã«å£æ ¹ãäžãã人ã ãä¿¡ä»°æåãéããå®å¿ããŠçµã³åããäžçã«ãªãããåãå°œãããã°ãªããŸããã
ç§ã®ä¿¡ä»°ã§ããç¥éæ¶æ¡æã¯ãå¯å£«å±±ãæ ¹æ¬éå ŽãšããŠããŸããå¯å£«å±±ã«ã¯ç»å±±éãäºã€ãããŸãã山梚çã«åå£åç°éãè¹æŽ¥éãé岡çã«æ±å£é èµ°éãå¯å£«å®®æå±±éãåŸ¡æ®¿å Žéã§ããããããèªåãã¡ã®éãäžçªãšèªããæã£ãŠããŸããããã®è¡ãçãå ã¯åŸ¡é äž1ç®æã§ããéã¯éãã©ãç®çã¯ãã äžã€ã§ããç§ãã¡ä¿¡ä»°è ããããããã®æãã¯éãã©ãããã®å°çã®çããšãçããè ã®å¹žããé¡ãç¥ãäºã¯åäžã§ãã
æå15幎ã«åœæ°æ謡ã§æŸéããããé£çµããšããæããããŸããäœè©ã¯èžè¡å®¶å²¡æ¬å€ªéããã®ãç¶æ§ã®å²¡æ¬äžå¹³ããã§ããããã³ããã³ããã³ã«ã©ãªã³ãšé£çµãæ Œåãéããã°é¡ãªãã¿âŠ ããšå§ãŸãæã¯ãçæ§ãããåç¥ã§ãããããã®åçªã«ãäœä»¶ãã£ãŠãäžäžåž¯ãå¿ã¯äžã€ã®å±æ ¹ã®æãçºãããããçºãããããšãããŸããç§ã¯ãã®æã倧奜ãã§ãã
çããŸãšãå¿ã¯äžã€ãçããªä»²è¯ãããåèšèã«æ©ãã§ãŸãããããšé¡ã£ãŠããŸããã以äž